C. 14 notes

Chapter 14 – Writing About Poetic Form
Forms can be divided into sound effects (rhythm/rhyme) and artistic manipulation of word order (syntax)
Rhythm and Rhyme
Sound effects – Organized repetition
Rhythm is produced by stressing and accenting syllables.
Rhythm – enforces meaning and tone of a poem
Rhyme
Recurring pattern of similar sounds
Used at regular intervals, usually at the end of the lines
Can be "slant" rhyme – which is not as precise (ex. lap and shape)
Internal rhyme – is inside the word. (ex. dreary and weary, napping and tapping)
Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance
Alliteration – repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
Assonance – repetition of vowel sounds that are not followed by similar consonants. (ex. grave and gain, shine and bright)
Consonance – Consonants are parallel but the vowels change. (ex. blade, blood, flash, flesh)
Stanzas – Open and Closed
Closed form – poetry with lines of equal length arranged in fixed syllabic patterns.
Open form – lines vary in length, and vary from traditional rhyme/rhythm patterns.
Couplet – two rhymed lines, typically in equal length and meter
Quatrain – group of four lines with any number of rhyme schemes.
Sonnets
Fourteen lines, 10 syllables for each line.
Shakespearean has an a b a b, c d c d, e f e f, g g rhyme
Italian (Petrachan)
Fewer rhymes
Two groupings of lines: first 8 called "octave," next 6 "sestet"
Free Verse
No rhyme scheme or basic meter.
Modern.
Poetic Syntax:
Words can be written in reverse order, or carefully planned so they are staccato in sound.
Visual Poetry
Prose poem looks like a paragraph, but reads like a poem.
Concrete poetry makes use of line breaks and spatial arrangements to graphically produce the poem’s message.